| IAWA Feature# |
Feature Code Options |
| ANATOMICAL IDENTIFICATION FEATURES |
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| Growth Rings |
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| 1 Growth ring boundaries distinct |
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| 2 Growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent |
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| Vessels |
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| Porosity |
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| 3 Wood ring-porous |
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| 4 Wood semi-ring-porous |
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| 5 Wood diffuse-porous |
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| Vessel arrangement |
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| 6 Vessels in tangential bands |
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| 7 Vessels in diagonal and / or radial pattern |
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| 8 Vessels in dendritic pattern |
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| Vessel groupings |
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| 9 Vessels exclusively solitary (90% or more) |
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| 10 Vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more common |
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| 11 Vessel clusters common |
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| Solitary vessel outline |
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| 12 Solitary vessel outline angular |
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| Perforation plates |
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| 13 Simple perforation plates |
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| 14 Scalariform perforation plates |
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| 15 Scalariform perforation plates with <= 10 bars |
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| 16 Scalariform perforation plates with 10 - 20 bars |
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| 17 Scalariform perforation plates with 20 - 40 bars |
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| 18 Scalariform perforation plates with >= 40 bars |
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| 19 Reticulate, foraminate, and / or other types of multiple perforation plates |
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| Intervessel pits: arrangement and size |
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| 20 Intervessel pits scalariform |
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| 21 Intervessel pits opposite |
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| 22 Intervessel pits alternate |
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| 23 Shape of alternate pits polygonal |
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| 24 Minute - <= 4 µm |
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| 25 Small - 4 - 7 µm |
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| 26 Medium - 7 - 10 µm |
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| 27 Large - >= 10 µm |
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| Vestured pits |
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| 29 Vestured pits |
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| Vessel - ray pitting |
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| 30 Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell |
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| 31 Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits rounded or angular |
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| 32 Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits horizontal (scalariform, gash-like) to vertical (palisade) |
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| 33 Vessel-ray pits of two distinct sizes or types in the same ray cell |
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| 34 Vessel-ray pits unilaterally compound and coarse (over 10 µm) |
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| 35 Vessel-ray pits restricted to marginal rows |
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| Helical thickenings |
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| 36 Helical thickenings in vessel elements present |
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| 37 Helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element |
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| 38 Helical thickenings only in vessel element tails |
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| 39 Helical thickenings only in narrower vessel elements |
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| Tangential diameter of vessel lumina |
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| Mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina |
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| 40 <= 50 µm |
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| 41 50 - 100 µm |
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| 42 100 - 200 µm |
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| 43 >= 200 µm |
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| 45 Vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous |
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| Vessels per square millimetre |
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| 46 <= 5 vessels per square millimetre |
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| 47 5 - 20 vessels per square millimetre |
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| 48 20 - 40 vessels per square millimetre |
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| 49 40 - 100 vessels per square millimetre |
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| 50 >= 100 vessels per square millimetre |
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| Mean vessel element length |
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| 52 <= 350 µm |
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| 53 350 - 800 µm |
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| 54 >= 800 µm |
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| Tyloses and deposits in vessels |
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| 56 Tyloses common |
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| 57 Tyloses sclerotic |
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| 58 Gums and other deposits in heartwood vessels |
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| Wood vesselless |
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| 59 Wood vesselless |
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| Tracheids and fibres |
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| 60 Vascular / vasicentric tracheids present |
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| Ground tissue fibres |
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| 61 Fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits |
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| 62 Fibres with distinctly bordered pits |
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| 63 Fibre pits common in both radial and tangential walls |
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| 64 Helical thickenings in ground tissue fibres |
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| Septate fibres and parenchyma-like fibre bands |
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| 65 Septate fibres present |
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| 66 Non-septate fibres present |
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| 67 Parenchyma-like fibre bands alternating with ordinary fibres |
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| Fibre wall thickness |
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| 68 Fibres very thin-walled |
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| 69 Fibres thin- to thick-walled |
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| 70 Fibres very thick-walled |
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| Mean fibre lengths |
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| 71 <= 900 µm |
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| 72 900-1600 µm |
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| 73 >= 1600 µm |
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| Axial parenchyma |
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| 75 Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare |
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| Apotracheal axial parenchyma |
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| 76 Axial parenchyma diffuse |
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| 77 Axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates |
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| Paratracheal axial parenchyma |
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| 78 Axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal |
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| 79 Axial parenchyma vasicentric |
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| 80 Axial parenchyma aliform |
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| 81 Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform |
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| 82 Axial parenchyma winged-aliform |
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| 83 Axial parenchyma confluent |
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| 84 Axial parenchyma unilateral paratracheal |
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| Banded parenchyma |
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| 85 Axial parenchyma bands more than three cells wide |
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| 86 Axial parenchyma in narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide |
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| 87 Axial parenchyma reticulate |
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| 88 Axial parenchyma scalariform |
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| 89 Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands |
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| Axial parenchyma cell type / strand length |
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| 90 Fusiform parenchyma cells |
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| 91 Two cells per parenchyma strand |
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| 92 Four (3-4) cells per parenchyma strand |
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| 93 Eight (5-8) cells per parenchyma strand |
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| 94 Over eight cells per parenchyma strand |
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| 95 Unlignified parenchyma |
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| Rays |
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| Ray width |
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| 96 Rays exclusively uniseriate |
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| 97 Ray width 1 to 3 cells |
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| 98 Larger rays commonly 4 - to 10 seriate |
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| 99 Larger rays commonly > 10-seriate |
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| 100 Rays with multiseriate portion(s) as wide as uniseriate portions |
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| Aggregate rays |
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| 101 Aggregate rays |
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| Ray height |
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| 102 Ray height > 1 mm |
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| Rays of two distinct sizes |
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| 103 Rays of two distinct sizes |
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| Rays: cellular composition |
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| 104 All ray cells procumbent |
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| 105 All ray cells upright and / or square |
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| 106 Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and / or square marginal cells |
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| 107 Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2-4 rows of upright and / or square marginal cells |
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| 108 Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and / or square marginal cells |
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| 109 Rays with procumbent, square and upright cells mixed throughout the ray |
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| Sheath cells |
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| 110 Sheath cells |
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| Tile cells |
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| 111 Tile cells |
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| Perforated ray cells |
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| 112 Perforated ray cells |
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| Disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls |
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| 113 Disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls |
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| Rays per millimetre |
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| 114 <= 4 / mm |
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| 115 4-12 / mm |
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| 116 >= 12 /mm |
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| Wood rayless |
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| 117 Wood rayless |
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| Storied structure |
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| 118 All rays storied |
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| 119 Low rays storied, high rays non-storied. |
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| 120 Axial parenchyma and / or vessel elements storied |
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| 121 Fibres storied |
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| 122 Rays and / or axial elements irregularly storied |
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| Secretory elements and cambial variants |
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| Oil and mucilage cells |
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| 124 Oil and / or mucilage cells associated with ray parenchyma |
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| 125 Oil and / or mucilage cells associated with axial parenchyma |
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| 126 Oil and / or mucilage cells present among fibres |
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| Intercellular canals |
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| 127 Axial canals in long tangential lines |
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| 128 Axial canals in short tangential lines |
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| 129 Axial canals diffuse |
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| 130 Radial canals |
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| 131 Intercellular canals of traumatic origin |
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| PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION FEATURES |
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| Tubes / tubules |
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| 132 Laticifers or tanniniferous tubes |
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| Cambial variants |
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| 133 Included phloem, concentric |
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| 134 Included phloem, diffuse |
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| 135 Other cambial variants |
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| Mineral inclusions |
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| Prismatic crystals |
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| 136 Prismatic crystals present |
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| 137 Prismatic crystals in upright and / or square ray cells |
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| 138 Prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells |
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| 139 Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells |
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| 140 Prismatic crystals in chambered upright and / or square ray cells |
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| 141 Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells |
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| 142 Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells |
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| 143 Prismatic crystals in fibres |
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| Druses |
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| 144 Druses present |
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| 145 Druses in ray parenchyma cells |
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| 146 Druses in axial parenchyma cells |
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| 147 Druses in fibres |
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| 148 Druses in chambered cells |
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| Other crystal types |
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| 149 Raphides |
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| 150 Acicular crystals |
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| 151 Styloids and / or elongate crystals |
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| 152 Crystals of other shapes (mostly small) |
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| 153 Crystal sand |
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| Other diagnostic crystal features |
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| 154 More than one crystal of about the same size per cell or chamber |
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| 155 Two distinct sizes of crystals per cell or chamber |
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| 156 Crystals in enlarged cells |
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| 157 Crystals in tyloses |
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| 158 Cystoliths |
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| Silica |
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| 159 Silica bodies present |
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| 160 Silica bodies in ray cells |
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| 161 Silica bodies in axial parenchyma cells |
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| 162 Silica bodies in fibres |
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| 163 Vitreous silica |
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| Appendix -- Non-anatomical information |
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| Geographical distribution |
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| 164 Europe and temperate Asia (Brazier and Franklin region 75) |
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| 165 Europe, excluding Mediterranean |
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| 166 Mediterranean including Northern Africa and Middle East |
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| 167 Temperate Asia (China), Japan, Russia |
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| 168 Central South Asia (Brazier and Franklin region 75) |
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| 169 India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka |
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| 170 Burma |
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| 171 Southeast Asia and Pacific (Brazier and Franklin region 76) |
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| 172 Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia (Indochina) |
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| 173 Indomalesia: Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Papua, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands |
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| 174 Pacific Islands (including New Caledonia, Samoa, Hawaii, and Fiji) |
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| 175 Australia and New Zealand (Brazier and Franklin region 77) |
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| 176 Australia |
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| 177 New Zealand |
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| 178 Tropical mainland Africa and adjacent islands (Brazier and Franklin region 78) |
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| 179 Tropical Africa |
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| 180 Madagascar & Mauritius, Réunion & Comores |
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| 181 Southern Africa (south of the Tropic of Capricorn) (Brazier and Franklin region 79) |
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| 182 North America, north of Mexico (Brazier and Franklin region 80) |
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| 183 Neotropics and temperate Brazil (Brazier and Franklin region 81) |
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| 184 Mexico and Central America |
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| 185 Carribean |
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| 186 Tropical South America |
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| 187 Southern Brazil |
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| 188 Temperate South America including Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and S. Paraguay (Brazier and Franklin region 82) |
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| Habit |
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| 189 Tree |
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| 190 Shrub |
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| 191 Vine / liana |
|
| Wood of commercial importance |
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| 192 Wood of commercial importance |
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| Specific gravity |
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| 193 Basic specific gravity low, <= 0.40 |
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| 194 Basic specific gravity medium, 0.40-0.75 |
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| 195 Basic specific gravity high, >= 0.75 |
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| Heartwood colour |
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| 196 Heartwood colour darker than sapwood colour |
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| 197 Heartwood basically brown or shades of brown |
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| 198 Heartwood basically red or shades of red |
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| 199 Heartwood basically yellow or shades of yellow |
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| 200 Heartwood basically white to grey |
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| 201 Heartwood with streaks |
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| 202 Heartwood not as above |
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| Odour |
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| 203 Distinct odour |
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| Heartwood fluorescent |
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| 204 Heartwood flourescent |
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| Water & ethanol extracts: fluorescence & colour |
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| 205 Water extract fluorescent |
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| 206 Water extract basically colourless to brown or shades of brown |
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| 207 Water extract basically red or shades of red |
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| 208 Water extract basically yellow or shades of yellow |
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| 209 Water extract not as above |
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| 210 Ethanol extract fluorescent |
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| 211 Ethanol extract basically colourless to brown or shades of brown |
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| 212 Ethanol extract basically red or shades of red |
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| 213 Ethanol extract basically yellow or shades of yellow |
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| 214 Ethanol extract not as above |
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| Froth test |
|
| 215 Froth test positive |
|
| Chrome Azurol-S test |
|
| 216 Chrome Azurol-S test positive |
|
| Burning splinter test |
|
| 217 Splinter burns to charcoal |
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| 218 Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash bright white |
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| 219 Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash yellow-brown |
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| 220 Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash other than above |
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| 221 Splinter burns to a partial ash |
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